2014年考研英语模拟试题及答案

　　Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II.

　　1) During the adolescence, the development of political ideology becomes apparent in the individual ; ideology here is defined as the presence of roughly consistent attitudes, more or less organized in reference to a more encompassing set of general principles. As such, political ideology is dim or absent at the beginning of adolescence. Its acquisition by the adolescent, in even the most modest sense, requires the acquisition of relatively sophisticated cognitive skills: the ability to manage abstractness, to synthesize and generalize, to imagine the future. These are accompanied by a steady advance in the ability to understand principles.

　　The child's rapid acquisition of political knowledge also promotes the growth of political ideology during adolescence. 2) By knowledge I mean more than the dull "facts" such as the composition of country government, that the child is exposed to in the conventional ninth-grade school course. Nor do I mean only information on current political realities. 3) These are facts of knowledge, but they are less critical than the adolescent's absorption of a feeling for those many unspoken assumptions about the political system that comprise the common ground of understanding, for example, what the state can "appropriately" demand of its citizens, and vice versa, or the "proper" relationship of government to subsidiary social institutions such as the schools and churches. Thus, political knowledge is the awareness of social assumptions and relationships as well as of objective facts. 4 ) Much of the naiveté that characterizes the younger adolescent's grasp of politics stems not from an ignorance of "facts" but from an incomplete comprehension of the common conventions of the system, of what is and is not customarily done, and of how and why it is or is not done.

　　Yet I do not want to overemphasize the significance of increased political knowledge in forming adolescent ideology. Over the years I have become progressively disenchanted about the centrality of such knowledge and have come to believe that much current work in political socialization, by relying too heavily on its apparent acquisition, has been misled about the tempo of political understanding in adolescence. 5) Just as young children can count numbers in series without grasping the principle of ordination, young adolescents may have in their heads many random bits of political information without a secure understanding of those concepts that would give order and meaning to the information.

　　Children's minds pick up bits and pieces of data, but until the adolescent has grasped the encompassing function that concepts and principles provide, the data remain fragmented, random, disordered.

　　Writing

　　Part A

　　Directions: Your good friend Pain has been admitted by the famous Tsinghua University as a Master of Science student in Mathematics. Write him a letter in congratulation of his achievement and express your regards.

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET II. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don't need to write the address.

　　Part B

　　Directions:Study the .following picture carefully and write an essay of 160～200 words in which you should

　　1) describe the drawing Piefly,

　　2) interpret the intended meaning reflected by it, and

　　3) give your comment.

　　参考答案：

　　1) 在青少年时期，政治观念的发展在每个人身上明显体现出来。在这里，政治观念是指存在的一些大体上一致的态度，根据一套更有组织性的一般原则大致地组合在一起。

　　[要点] 被动语态的翻译;非谓语动词的翻译

　　[句法] 并列句。翻译注意：(1)is defined as翻译成主动语态，译为“是指”。(2) organized...过去分词短语修饰attitudes，因为较长，采用“转化法”独立翻译成分句。

　　[词法] (1) presence根据语境转换译作形容词“存在的”。(2)encompass意为“包围，围绕”，因为与roughly consistent相对比，可以翻译为“有缍织的，协调的”。

　　2) 在这里，我所说的政治知识，并不仅仅是像国家政府机构等这样的枯燥知识，这些知识在常规的九年制教育中早已教授给学生了。

　　[要点] 定语从句的翻译;被动语态的翻译

　　[句法] 复合句。that引导的定语从句修饰facts，that在从句中作expose to的宾语;such as...作插入语。翻译注意：(1)that引导的定语从句应采取“分译后置法”独立成句。(2) is exposed to翻译成主动语态“教授给”。

　　[词法] knowledge指前面提到的political knowledge，因此增词译作“政治知识”。